进口津巴布韦鲜食鳄梨
根据我国相关法律法规和中华人民共和国海关总署与津巴布韦共和国土地、农业、渔业、灌溉和农村发展部关于津巴布韦鲜食鳄梨输华植物检疫要求的规定，即日起允许符合以下相关要求的津巴布韦鲜食鳄梨进口。
In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China and the provisions of the Protocol on Phytosanitary Requirements for the Export of Fresh Avocado Fruits from the Republic of Zimbabwe to the People’s Republic of China signed between the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development of the Republic of Zimbabwe, the import of fresh avocado fruits from Zimbabwe that meet the following relevant requirements is permitted with immediate effect.
一、检验检疫依据
I. Phytosanitary Basis
（一）《中华人民共和国生物安全法》；
(1) Biosecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China;
（二）《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法》及其实施条例；
(2) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Quarantine of Imported and Exported Animals and Plants and its Implementing Regulations;
（三）《中华人民共和国食品安全法》及其实施条例；
(3) Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China and its Implementing Regulations;
（四）《进境水果检验检疫监督管理办法》；
(4) Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Inspection and Quarantine of Imported Fruits;
（五）《中华人民共和国海关总署与津巴布韦共和国土地、农业、渔业、灌溉和农村发展部关于津巴布韦鲜食鳄梨输华植物检疫要求议定书》。
(5) Protocol on Phytosanitary Requirements for the Export of Fresh Avocado Fruits from the Republic of Zimbabwe to the People’s Republic of China between the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development of the Republic of Zimbabwe.
二、允许进境商品名称
II. Name of Permitted Imported Commodity
鲜食鳄梨（以下简称鳄梨），学名Persea americana，英文名Avocado。
Fresh avocado fruits (hereinafter referred to as “avocados”), scientific name Persea americana, English name Avocado.
三、允许的产地
III. Permitted Origin
津巴布韦鳄梨产区。
Avocado producing areas in Zimbabwe.
四、批准的果园和包装厂
IV. Approved Orchards and Packing Houses
输华鳄梨的果园、包装厂和熏蒸处理设施须由津巴布韦共和国土地、农业、渔业、灌溉和农村发展部（以下称津方）审核，并由中华人民共和国海关总署（以下称中方）批准注册。注册信息包括名称、地址及注册号码，以便在出口货物不符合相关规定时准确溯源。在每年出口季节前，津方应向中方提供注册名单，经中方审核批准后在海关总署网站上公布。
Orchards, packing houses and fumigation treatment facilities producing avocados for export to China must be inspected and approved by the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development of the Republic of Zimbabwe (hereinafter referred to as “Zimbabwean side”) and registered with the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as “Chinese side”). The registration information shall include name, address and registration number to facilitate accurate traceability when exported goods do not meet relevant regulations. Before each export season, the Zimbabwean side shall provide the registration list to the Chinese side, which will be published on the official website of the General Administration of Customs after review and approval by the Chinese side.
五、关注的检疫性有害生物
V. Quarantine Pests of Concern to China
1．地中海实蝇Ceratitis capitata
1. Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata)
2．非洲芒果实蝇Ceratitis cosyra
2. Marula fruit fly (Ceratitis cosyra)
3．纳塔尔实蝇Ceratitis rosa
3. Natal fruit fly (Ceratitis rosa)
4．苹果异形小卷蛾Thaumatotibia (= Cryptophlebia) leucotreta
4. False codling moth (Thaumatotibia (= Cryptophlebia) leucotreta)
5．海灰翅夜蛾Spodoptera littoralis
5. Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis)
6．芒果白轮盾蚧Aulacaspis tubercularis
6. Mango white scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis)
7．无花果蜡蚧Ceroplastes rusci
7. Fig wax scale (Ceroplastes rusci)
8．非洲龟蜡蚧Ceroplastes destructor
8. African tortoise scale (Ceroplastes destructor)
9．长椭圆软蚧Coccus longulus
9. Long brown soft scale (Coccus longulus)
10．长尾粉蚧Pseudococcus longispinus
10. Long-tailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus)
11．苏铁刺圆盾蚧Selenaspidus articulatus
11. Armored scale (Selenaspidus articulatus)
12．鳄梨疮痂病菌Elsinoe perseae
12. Avocado scab pathogen (Elsinoe perseae)
13．细菌性溃疡病Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
13. Bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae)
14．淡紫拟青霉Purpureocillium lilacinum
14. Purpureocillium lilacinum
六、出口前管理
VI. Pre-export Management
（一）果园管理
(1) Orchard Management
1．输华鳄梨果园应在津方监管下建立完善的质量管理体系和溯源体系，实施良好的农业操作规范（GAP），包括维持果园卫生条件、及时清理落果等，并执行有害生物综合治理（IPM），如有害生物调查、监测、化学或生物防治以及农事操作等防控措施，避免或最大程度降低鳄梨上发生中方关注的检疫性有害生物。
1. Orchards producing avocados for export to China shall establish a sound quality management system and traceability system under the supervision of the Zimbabwean side, implement Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), including maintaining orchard hygiene, timely cleaning up fallen fruits, etc., and implement Integrated Pest Management (IPM), such as pest investigation, monitoring, chemical or biological control and agricultural operation and other prevention and control measures to avoid or minimize the occurrence of quarantine pests of concern to China on avocados.
2．津方应按照国际植物检疫措施标准第6号（ISPM 6）的要求，由经过津方官方或其授权机构指导的技术人员对中方关注的检疫性有害生物开展监测调查，如果发现中方关注的检疫性有害生物，应立即采取相应控制措施。有害生物监测计划和综合管理措施须由津方批准，并应要求向中方提供。
2. In accordance with the requirements of International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 6 (ISPM 6), the Zimbabwean side shall conduct monitoring and investigation on the quarantine pests of concern to China by technical personnel guided by the Zimbabwean official or its authorized institutions. If any quarantine pest of concern to China is found, corresponding control measures shall be taken immediately. The pest monitoring plan and integrated management measures must be approved by the Zimbabwean side and provided to the Chinese side upon request.
3．针对地中海实蝇、非洲芒果实蝇、纳塔尔实蝇和苹果异形小卷蛾，应采取综合管理措施，包括使用化学防治、生物防治和干扰交配措施，或者使用其他控制方法等，以控制有害生物发生或维持有害生物低度流行水平。
3. For Mediterranean fruit fly, Marula fruit fly, Natal fruit fly and false codling moth, integrated management measures shall be taken, including the use of chemical control, biological control and mating disruption measures, or other control methods, to control the occurrence of pests or maintain a low prevalence level of pests.
4．针对鳄梨疮痂病菌，应建立果园监测体系，加强果园管理，在鳄梨生长期内，每月至少开展一次田间监测调查。一旦发现果实表面出现圆形或不规则形状，形成棕色、木栓状的病斑，或发现叶脉扭曲，或叶子变形、萎缩，以及不明原因落果、畸形果等现象时，则应及时采取样品并送实验室进行分子生物学鉴定。一旦确认为鳄梨疮痂病感病植株，必须将感病的落果或枝叶集中作灭活处理。同时强化对周边植株的调查监控。
4. For avocado scab pathogen (Elsinoe perseae), an orchard monitoring system shall be established and orchard management shall be strengthened. During the growth period of avocados, field monitoring and investigation shall be carried out at least once a month. Once circular or irregular brown, corky lesions are found on the fruit surface, or vein distortion, leaf deformation, atrophy, and unexplained fruit drop, malformed fruits and other phenomena are found, samples shall be taken in a timely manner and sent to the laboratory for molecular biological identification. Once a plant is confirmed to be infected with avocado scab, the infected fallen fruits or branches and leaves must be concentrated for inactivation treatment. At the same time, the investigation and monitoring of surrounding plants shall be strengthened.
5．针对海灰翅夜蛾、芒果白轮盾蚧、非洲龟蜡蚧、无花果蜡蚧、长椭圆软蚧、长尾粉蚧、苏铁刺圆盾蚧等中方关注的有害生物，需在生长季节开展监测调查，从花期至收获期每2周至少一次。调查以观察果实、果柄、枝干、茎、叶是否有目标有害生物为重点。如在监测中发现有害生物或其相应症状，应及时采取包括如化学或生物防治在内的防治措施，以控制有害生物发生或维护有害生物低度流行水平。
5. For pests of concern to China such as Egyptian cotton leafworm, mango white scale, African tortoise scale, fig wax scale, long brown soft scale, long-tailed mealybug and armored scale, monitoring and investigation shall be carried out during the growing season, at least once every two weeks from flowering to harvest. The investigation shall focus on observing whether there are target pests on fruits, fruit stalks, branches, stems and leaves. If pests or their corresponding symptoms are found in the monitoring, control measures including chemical or biological control shall be taken in a timely manner to control the occurrence of pests or maintain a low prevalence level of pests.
6．输华果园应保留有害生物监测调查和防治记录至少两年，并应要求向中方提供。有害生物监测及防治记录应当至少包括监测时间、发现的有害生物名称、采取的防治措施；化学防控记录应包括在生长季节内使用的所有化学试剂的名称、活性成分、浓度、施用日期等详细信息。
6. Orchards exporting to China shall retain pest monitoring, investigation and control records for at least two years and provide them to the Chinese side upon request. The pest monitoring and control records shall include at least the monitoring time, the name of the pests found, and the control measures taken; the chemical control records shall include detailed information such as the name, active ingredients, concentration and application date of all chemical reagents used during the growing season.
（二）包装厂管理
(2) Packing House Management
1．鳄梨加工、包装、储藏和装运过程，须在津方或其授权机构的检疫监管下进行。
1. The processing, packaging, storage and shipment of avocados must be carried out under the phytosanitary supervision of the Zimbabwean side or its authorized institutions.
2．鳄梨在果实采后加工和包装过程中，应经高压喷淋水洗、毛刷刷果、人工挑拣、分级等工序，以确保不带任何活虫、坏果、劣果（过成熟果、脱蒂果、伤疤果、黑点果、畸形果等)、枝、叶、土壤等。果柄不得长于3 mm。
2. During the post-harvest processing and packaging of avocados, procedures such as high-pressure spray washing, brush cleaning, manual sorting and grading shall be carried out to ensure that there are no live insects, bad fruits, inferior fruits (overripe fruits, stemless fruits, scarred fruits, black-spotted fruits, malformed fruits, etc.), branches, leaves, soil, etc. The fruit stalk shall not be longer than 3 mm.
（三）包装要求
(3) Packaging Requirements
1．包装材料应干净卫生、未使用过，符合中国有关植物检疫要求。如使用木质包装，须符合国际植物检疫措施第15号标准（ISPM 15）。
1. Packaging materials shall be clean, hygienic and unused, and meet the relevant phytosanitary requirements of China. If wooden packaging is used, it must comply with International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM 15).
2．包装好的鳄梨如需存储，应当立即入库并单独存放，避免受到有害生物再次感染。每个包装箱上须标注水果名称、国家、产地（区或县）、果园名称或其注册号、包装厂名称或其注册号等信息。每个包装箱和托盘需用中文或英文标出“输往中华人民共和国”或“Exported to the People’s Republic of China”。
2. If packaged avocados need to be stored, they shall be put into the warehouse immediately and stored separately to avoid re-infection by pests. Each packaging box shall be marked with the fruit name, country, origin (district or county), orchard name or its registration number, packing house name or its registration number and other information. Each packaging box and pallet shall be marked with “Shuwang Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo” (Exported to the People’s Republic of China) in Chinese or English.
3．装运输华鳄梨的装箱前应检查以确保集装箱具备良好的卫生条件。装箱时应采取必要的防虫措施。
3. Containers used for shipping avocados to China shall be inspected before loading to ensure they are in good hygienic conditions. Necessary insect-proof measures shall be taken during loading.
（四）出口前检验检疫
(4) Pre-export Inspection and Quarantine
1．津方或其授权人员应按照每批货物2%的比例对每批输华鳄梨进行抽样检查，最小取样量为1200个果实，同时至少对2%样品中的60个果实或检查过程中发现的可疑果进行剖果检查。如两年内没有发生植物检疫问题，抽样比例数可降为1%，但取样量不得少于1200个果实。
1. The Zimbabwean side or its authorized personnel shall conduct sampling inspection on each batch of avocados exported to China at a ratio of 2% of each batch, with a minimum sample size of 1200 fruits. At the same time, at least 60 fruits out of the 2% sample or suspicious fruits found during the inspection shall be subjected to fruit dissection inspection. If no phytosanitary problems occur within two years, the sampling ratio can be reduced to 1%, but the sample size shall not be less than 1200 fruits.
2．如发现中方关注的检疫性有害生物活体，整批货物不得出口到中国。津方应查明原因并采取改进措施。同时，保存检查记录，应要求提供给中方。
2. If live quarantine pests of concern to China are found, the entire batch of goods shall not be exported to China. The Zimbabwean side shall find out the cause and take improvement measures. At the same time, inspection records shall be kept and provided to the Chinese side upon request.
（五）检疫处理要求
(5) Phytosanitary Treatment Requirements
输华鳄梨应在津方授权人员监管下针对实蝇和苹果异形小卷蛾采取溴甲烷熏蒸处理。熏蒸处理指标如下：温度在21.1 °C以上，熏蒸剂的剂量为32 g/m³，常压熏蒸持续时间不低于2 h；且熏蒸期间最低浓度需在0.5 h后不低于26 g/m³，2 h后不低于16 g/m³。
Avocados exported to China shall be subjected to methyl bromide fumigation treatment against fruit flies and false codling moth under the supervision of authorized personnel of the Zimbabwean side. The fumigation treatment indicators are as follows: temperature above 21.1 °C, fumigant dosage of 32 g/m³, atmospheric pressure fumigation duration not less than 2 hours; and the minimum concentration during fumigation shall not be less than 26 g/m³ after 0.5 hours and not less than 16 g/m³ after 2 hours.
（六）植物检疫证书要求
(6) Phytosanitary Certificate Requirements
1．经检疫合格的鳄梨，津方应出具植物检疫证书，注明果园、包装厂、熏蒸处理企业名称或其注册号以及集装箱号码，并在附加声明中注明：“This consignment complies with the requirements specified in the Protocol of Phytosanitary Requirements for Export of Fresh Avocado Fruits from Zimbabwe to China, and is free from quarantine pests of concern to China.”（该批货物符合津巴布韦鲜食鳄梨输华植物检疫议定书要求，不带中方关注的检疫性有害生物。）
1. For avocados that pass the quarantine inspection, the Zimbabwean side shall issue a phytosanitary certificate, indicating the name or registration number of the orchard, packing house, fumigation treatment enterprise and the container number, and indicate in the additional declaration: “This consignment complies with the requirements specified in the Protocol of Phytosanitary Requirements for Export of Fresh Avocado Fruits from Zimbabwe to China, and is free from quarantine pests of concern to China.”
2．在植物检疫证书检疫处理栏目内，还须注明熏蒸处理所使用的溴甲烷剂量、持续时间和处理温度。
2. In the phytosanitary treatment column of the phytosanitary certificate, the methyl bromide dosage, duration and treatment temperature used for fumigation shall also be indicated.
3．津方应在贸易开始前向中方提供植物检疫证书样本，以便中方备案核查。
3. The Zimbabwean side shall provide the sample of the phytosanitary certificate to the Chinese side before the start of trade for the Chinese side to file and verify.
七、进境检验检疫及不合格处理
VII. Import Inspection and Quarantine and Handling of Non-conforming Goods
输华鳄梨到达中国进境口岸时，中国海关按照以下要求实施检验检疫。
When avocados exported to China arrive at the Chinese import port, China Customs shall conduct inspection and quarantine in accordance with the following requirements.
（一）有关证书和标识核查
(1) Verification of Relevant Certificates and Marks
1．鳄梨到达中国进境口岸时，中国海关将检查有关单证和标识，并实施检验检疫。
1. When avocados arrive at the Chinese import port, China Customs will inspect the relevant documents and marks and conduct inspection and quarantine.
2．核查植物检疫证书是否符合本公告第六条第（六）项的规定。
2. Verify whether the phytosanitary certificate complies with the provisions of Item (6) of Article VI of this Announcement.
3．核查包装箱或托盘上的标识是否符合本公告第六条第（三）项的规定。
3. Verify whether the marks on the packaging boxes or pallets comply with the provisions of Item (3) of Article VI of this Announcement.
（二）进境检验检疫
(2) Import Inspection and Quarantine
1．输华鳄梨应从中方允许进口水果的口岸进境。
1. Avocados exported to China shall enter China through ports permitted by the Chinese side for importing fruits.
2．根据有关法律、行政法规、规章等规定，对进口鳄梨实施检验检疫，经检验检疫合格的，准予进境。
2. Inspection and quarantine shall be conducted on imported avocados in accordance with the relevant laws, administrative regulations and rules. Those that pass the inspection and quarantine shall be permitted to enter China.
（三）不合格处理
(3) Handling of Non-conforming Goods
1．如发现来自未注册的果园、包装厂或熏蒸处理设施的，则该批货物不准进境。
1. If the goods are found to be from unregistered orchards, packing houses or fumigation treatment facilities, the entire batch of goods shall not be permitted to enter China.
2．如发现中方关注的检疫性有害生物或津巴布韦新发生的检疫性有害生物活体，则该批货物作退回、销毁或除害处理。
2. If live quarantine pests of concern to China or newly occurred quarantine pests in Zimbabwe are found, the entire batch of goods shall be returned, destroyed or subjected to pest elimination treatment.
3．如发现不符合中国食品安全国家标准的，则该批货物作退回或销毁处理。
3. If the goods are found to be inconsistent with China’s national food safety standards, the entire batch of goods shall be returned or destroyed.
4．如发现上述不符合要求情况，中方将向津方通报，并视情况暂停本出口季相关果园或包装厂向中国出口鳄梨。津方应开展调查，查明原因并实施相应改进措施。中方将根据津方的整改结果，决定是否取消暂停措施。
4. If any of the above non-conforming situations are found, the Chinese side will notify the Zimbabwean side and may suspend the export of avocados to China from the relevant orchards or packing houses during the current export season depending on the situation. The Zimbabwean side shall conduct an investigation, find out the cause and implement corresponding improvement measures. The Chinese side will decide whether to lift the suspension measure based on the rectification results of the Zimbabwean side.
转自：海关发布
